treatyourscars Although some epidemiological studies have shown that there are more women among patients with keloids, this can be attributed to a greater aesthetic concern about keloids in women than in men and a higher frequency of ear piercing in women. It is considered an inherited component of keloid etiology, mainly due to its increased presence in dark-skinned breeds. Sex differences in incidence rates have not been conclusively demonstrated.
The diversity of epidemiological data can be partly explained by the many factors that influence keloid formation, such as ethnicity, age, anatomical location, and type of injury. A case series reported clinically severe forms of keloids in individuals with positive family history and black Africans. Systemic factors include adolescence and pregnancy, which are associated with an increased risk of voluminous scarring.6 Pregnancy also exacerbates keloids. In addition, high density of sebaceous glands (Yagi et al., 1979; Fong et al., 1999; Fong and Bay, 2002; Al-Attar et al., 2006), an increase in collagen, and a decrease in M1 macrophages are all features of keloid-prone skin that can contribute to the formation of keloid scars in genetically susceptible individuals.
Read also: Does Keloid Scars Affect Pregnancy?
However, some people have a higher risk of developing keloids when hacked. Among Chinese Asians, keloids are the most common skin disease. Keloid is the most common skin disease among Asian Chinese. Although it was previously thought that albinos would not take keloids, a recent report described the incidence of keloids in African albinos.
However, the only gene that is a factor causing keloid scars has not yet been identified, but several susceptibility loci have been found, especially on chromosome 15. Ultimately, however, the specific genetic variation responsible for keloid scars has not yet been identified. but probably includes more than one gene. Increased familial aggregation, higher prevalence among some races, identical twin parallelism, and altered gene expression indicate a notable genetic contribution to keloid disease.
The environment appears to cause disease in genetically susceptible individuals. As was recently investigated, it is known that environmental factors can provoke the formation of keloids in genetically predisposed people.
Other lines of evidence pointing to a genetic influence on susceptibility to keloids include family inheritance patterns, linkage studies, case-control association studies, and gene expression studies (Shih and Bayat, 2010; Glass, 2017). In addition, there have been many published reports of familial cases of keloids, reflecting the importance of genetic factors in these families. Finally, the high frequency of keloids in both identical twins also convincingly confirms the role of genetics in the etiology of keloids.
Thus, familial aggregation, the presence of identical twins, Mendelian patterns of inheritance, keloid expression studies, and the high prevalence of keloids in different ancestry—all convincingly demonstrate the role of genetic factors in keloid formation. effect. Familial inheritance, higher prevalence of certain ethnic groups, and higher prevalence of twins strongly support the concept of genetic susceptibility to keloids (Marneros et al., 2001; Shih and Bayat, 2010; Glass, 2017). Trauma, foreign body reaction, infection, and endocrine dysfunction have been recognized as risk factors for postoperative keloid formation in genetically susceptible individuals.
Although keloids develop sooner or later, children and older adults rarely develop keloids when they leave a scar. Those with a family history of keloids are also susceptible, as about 1 in 3 people with keloids have first-degree blood relatives (mother, father, sister, brother, or child) who also have keloids.
This familiar trait is more common in people of African and/or Asian descent. The tendency to develop keloids is often present in families, suggesting a possible genetic basis.
This study may include people who have had a classic keloid (butterfly-shaped or overflow wound) for at least one year. In this analysis, the inclusion of healthy individuals with a minimum age of 21 years is based on an arbitrary age limit, and it is very difficult to estimate at what age carriers of variants will develop keloids due to the large variability in the age of onset of familial disease. 6. On the other hand, affective status was unknown for two individuals with hypertrophic or elongated scars (Fig. 2). However, as seen in individuals III-15 and III-17 of family A, normal scars and keloids may develop at about the same age.
Patients with keloid scars may develop scars that are much wider and taller than the original lesions. But in about 4-6% of patients, the healing process goes too far, resulting in thick, raised scars called keloids. Keloid scars should not be confused with hypertrophic scars, which are raised scars that do not extend beyond the original wound.
Keloids develop after skin injuries in most parts of the body, but rarely occur on the palms of the hands or soles of the feet. Some scars are uneven and rise over several months, but do not extend beyond the edges of the wound. In some cases, the extra scar tissue grows to form smooth, hard growths called keloids.
Wound healing in adults heals but is still considered normal, whereas keloid wound healing is characterized by uncontrolled, persistent overgrowth of scar tissue. Thus, the origin of keloid formation appears to be related to the inheritance of various factors that prevent the switch from disrupting the normal physiological process of wound healing. However, based on reports of microvascular occlusion and increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1a (HIF-1a) in abnormal scars, it has been suggested that keloids are relatively hypoxic tissues (Zhao et al., 2017). Greg Goodman, MD, assistant professor of dermatology at Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, said the formation of keloids may be related to a genetic failure to normalize transitions during the remodeling phase of wound healing, who spoke recently at the World Congress. Topics Milan Dermatology.
Research into the relationship between genetic variation and the formation of hypertrophic or keloid scars may help understand who is at risk for developing such scars after acute wounds. This preliminary review aimed to summarize methods to study the influence of genetics on the development of keloid or hypertrophic scarring in adults and children after acute trauma.
Study designs suitable for inclusion are systematic reviews, cohort studies (prospective or retrospective), and case-control studies examining the association of one or more genetic variants with keloid or hypertrophic scarring in patients of any age, breed, and later The relationship between the development of any acute trauma. Eligible for inclusion were cohort and case-control studies examining the association between one or more genetic variants and the development of keloid or hypertrophic scarring.
This preliminary review, a summary of studies aimed at collating the literature on a specific topic, focuses on methods used in studies investigating the association of genetic variants with hypertrophy or keloid formation following acute wounds. This review describes the current state of basic research on genetic, epigenetic, and local mechanical risk factors that contribute to the formation and progression of keloid and hypertrophic scars. My fellow dermatologists at UT Southwestern and I are working to identify genetic factors that increase the risk of keloids.
